Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ken Dunton, Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Professor Publication_Date: 20130227 Title: Pacific Arctic Stable Isotope Synthesis Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Publication_Information: Publisher: Earth Observing Laboratory Online_Linkage: pacmars.eol.ucar.edu Description: Abstract: This dataset is a synthesis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from several studies collected into a single GIS feature class. The data cover the Pacific-influenced coastal shelf ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Data points include isotopic ratios of del C-13 and del N-15. Additional metadata such as the names of the original data collectors are included as attributes of the feature class when available. Carbon isotope ratios are a good indicator of carbon sources of the food web because of their small enrichment steps between consecutive consumers (0-1‰) and nitrogen isotope ratios are good indicators of trophic level (TL) because of the larger enrichment step of 3-4‰ between TL. Purpose: To synthesize carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from several studies into a single dataset, with a focus on data in the Pacific-influenced coastal shelf ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Supplemental_Information: This dataset was compiled from various other studies performed throughout several decades in the Arctic Ocean. Data were compiled in spreadsheet form and then imported into GIS as a single feature class. Data source information is provided as attributes for each data point. Benthic samples for stable isotopic measurements (13C and 15N) were obtained from both van Veen grabs and benthic trawls. Zooplankton and samples of particulate organic matter (POM) were also collected for isotopic analysis; these data were used to develop our coupled benthic-pelagic conceptual food web model. In addition to biota, replicate 1 cc surface samples of undisturbed sediment were frozen for sediment isotopic analysis. Prior to 2002, sub-samples of freeze-dried tissue for isotopic analysis were treated with dilute HCl for several hours to remove carbonates and then dried at 70oC. About 15-20 mg of dried tissue samples were ground with 1 g of CuO and combusted in evacuated quartz tubes. The liberated carbon dioxide and nitrogen were cryogenically cleaned and stored in sealed glass tubes until analysis. Mass spectrometry was conducted using a VG Isogas SIRA 9 Mass Spectrometer. Machine precision was approximately ±0/2% for δ13C and ±0.3% for δ15N. Results are expressed in standard δ notation relative to carbonate PeeDeeBelemnite and atmospheric nitrogen where: δ 13C or δ 15N (‰) = [Rsample/Rstandard) – 1] x 1000 and R = (13C/12C or 15N/14N), respectively. After 2002, tissues for isotope analyses were processed on an easier and more accurate system. All biota were dried in aluminum dishes at 60 °C following removal of extraneous organic matter. When possible, soft tissues were removed from shelled organisms. All invertebrate samples were soaked in 1 N HCl for several hours to remove carbonates, rinsed in distilled water, and then dried. Muscle or body wall tissue was analyzed from bivalves, gastropods, large crustaceans (euphausiids and amphipods), and fish; all other organisms were analyzed whole. Entire organisms or tissues are manually ground for isotopic analyses. Replicate analyses reflected the analysis of individual organisms, not composite samples. All samples were analyzed on an automated system for coupled δ 13C and δ 15N measurements using a Finnegan MAT Delta Plus mass spectrometer attached to an elemental analyzer (CE Instruments, NC 2500). Samples were combusted at 1,020 °C and then injected into the mass spectrometer with continuous flow. Results are expressed in standard δ notation as seen above. Secondary and NBS calibration standards were routinely for cross-calibration checks of tank reference gases, against which all samples are run. The resulting data were reproducible to within ± 0.2 ‰. Machine analytical error was ± 0.15 ‰. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19800101 Ending_Date: 20100810 Currentness_Reference: Temporal period extent is based on sample dates. In some cases, only sample year was provided by the original data source, while in other cases, no temporal context was provided at all. The dates/times of the dataset refer to sample dates. Status: Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 79.144987 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.882074 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean Access_Constraints: Station locations are publicly available. Stable isotope values are restricted for use within the PacMARS research team. Data will be made available to the public after the first year of the PacMARS project. The publisher, originator, original data collectors, and others associated with this work assume no liability for the quality and use of this dataset. Use_Constraints: PacMARS team members should be contacted before use of their data sets. PacMARS investigators and others are responsible for providing appropriate recognition to data providers in publications. This can include article co-authorship and/or reference to data publications. Citations, and DOIs when available, will be provided for datasets within the EOL data archive. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Contact_Person: Ken Dunton Contact_Position: Professor Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-361-749-6744 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ken.dunton@utexas.edu Data_Set_Credit: This dataset was compiled from a variety of sources by Ken Dunton, Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin. Data were loaded into a GIS feature class by Tim Whiteaker, Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.1.1.3143 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy data is not available for this dataset. Logical_Consistency_Report: This synthesis dataset relies heavily on quality control performed by original data collectors. However, all stable isotope ratio values do fall within a reasonable range of values. Completeness_Report: Data in the original source datasets east of -120 degrees longitude or south of 60 degrees north latitude were excluded from this dataset. Sites on land or in inland waters were also excluded. Some data points from collectors Golikov and Haubenstauk included coordinates placing those points in what appeared to be incorrect locations (far inland in Russia). These points were excluded from the dataset. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Station locations generally appear accurrate when overlain onto regional scale maps. Points from the following CruiseIDs initially plotted far inland, suggesting coordinates are off. The locations were moved as described below. The original latitude and longitude values were not changed in the attribute table, thereby preserving a record of the original coordinates as supplied by the data source. CruiseID Golikov Russia 1989 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Sites: Amguyema River Kolyachinskaya Bay - inside Kolyachinskaya Bay - outside Note: Golikov's Wrangel Island locations seem correct These sites were moved per instructions from Susan Schonberg as follows, using ETOPO1 to provide depths: The inside Kolyachinskaya Bay is in the center of the bay near the coast. Adding a negative sign to the longitude places the point in that location, so the new coordinates are (-174.167, 66.9). The outside Kolyachinskaya Bay is located off the western coast in 30 m depth. Like the previous point, adding a negative sign to the longitude places the point in the rightlocation, (-174.5, 67.767). The Amguyema River is located against the river at 50 m depth. Negative sign was missing again. Correct coordinates (-177.5, 68.6) Cruise ID NP 1994 ''''''''''''''''' Site: NP94 (168.83, 67.75) There is only one other NP94 site in the dataset. It has the same longitude as the suspect site, but different latitude. Assume the latitude in the suspect site is wrong, and use the same latitude as the other NP94 site, 73.5. Cruise ID RV Thompson 1988 '''''''''''''''''''''''''' Site: R/V THOMAS WASHINGTON - TW88 (163.12, 67.03) The other sites in this cruise are located in the Bering Strait. Longitude of this site of 163.12 is also -196.88 (the originally reported longitude). Assuming a typo, a longitude of -169.88 places this site between the two sites with the most similar latitude. With nothing else to help locate this site, assuming there was a typo and correcting the longitude to be -169.88 seems reasonable. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical accuracy is not available for depths reported in this dataset. Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4094 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: North Pole Stereographic Stereographic: Longitude_of_Projection_Center: 0.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Center: 90.0 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000000006783107409091829 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000000006783107409091829 Planar_Distance_Units: meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: stable_isotope_synthesis Entity_Type_Definition: Locations of stable isotope samples Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Various investigators over several decades collected the data compiled into this dataset Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: CruiseID Attribute_Definition: Cruise identifier Attribute_Definition_Source: Various Attribute: Attribute_Label: StationNum Attribute_Definition: Station number or unique identifier Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned for each cruise by investigator or cruise planner Attribute: Attribute_Label: StationNme Attribute_Definition: Station name Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned for each cruise by investigator or cruise planner Attribute: Attribute_Label: DataDate Attribute_Definition: Sample date Attribute_Definition_Source: Recorded for each cruise by investigator Attribute: Attribute_Label: DataYear Attribute_Definition: Sample year Attribute_Definition_Source: Compiled from sample dates or publications Attribute: Attribute_Label: DataTime Attribute_Definition: Sample times Attribute_Definition_Source: Recorded for each cruise by investigator Attribute: Attribute_Label: TimeZone Attribute_Definition: Time zone Attribute_Definition_Source: Global time zones Attribute: Attribute_Label: UTCOffset Attribute_Definition: Offset in hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Attribute_Definition_Source: International Telecommunications Union Recommendation (ITU-R TF.460-6) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude Attribute_Definition_Source: World Geodetic System Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude Attribute_Definition_Source: World Geodetic System Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth Attribute_Definition: Depth that samples were taken, in meters. Depths are positive in the downward direction. Null values are indicated by -999.99. Attribute_Definition_Source: Depths were recorded by sensors on each cruise Attribute: Attribute_Label: WaterDepth Attribute_Definition: Water depth to sea floor at the current location, in meters. Depths are positive in the downward direction. Null values are indicated by -999.99. Attribute_Definition_Source: Depths were recorded by sensors on each cruise Attribute: Attribute_Label: delC13 Attribute_Definition: del C-13 isotopic ratio, per mille. Null values are indicated by -999.99. Method of measurement is indicated in the Method attribute when available. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector Attribute: Attribute_Label: delN15 Attribute_Definition: del N-15 isotopic ratio, per mille. Null values are indicated by -999.99. Method of measurement is indicated in the Method attribute when available. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector Attribute: Attribute_Label: TSN Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic serial number, a unique identifier for taxa. Missing or "not applicable" values are indicated by -999. Attribute_Definition_Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source Attribute_Definition: Original source of the data Attribute: Attribute_Label: Org Attribute_Definition: Affiliation of the group who originally collected the data Attribute: Attribute_Label: Method Attribute_Definition: Method of isotopic ratio sample collection and measurement. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector Attribute: Attribute_Label: Citation Attribute_Definition: Reference citations from data in this dataset. Attribute_Definition_Source: Originator Attribute: Attribute_Label: SampleType Attribute_Definition: Broad category for the type of sample, e.g., benthic. Attribute_Definition_Source: Originator Attribute: Attribute_Label: Taxon Attribute_Definition: Entity sampled Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector Attribute: Attribute_Label: FeedGuild Attribute_Definition: Feeding Guild by Macdonald, et. al., 2010. Key: PEL: Pelagic EP: Epibenthic SR: Surface SS: Sub-surface He: Herbivore De: Detritovore Su: Suspension feeder Pr: Predator mac: macrofauna mei: meiofauna zoo: zooplankton Attribute_Definition_Source: Macdonald, TA, BJ Burd, VI Macdonald, A. van Roodsellar. 2010. Taxonomic and feeding guild classification for the marine benthic macroinvertebrates of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2874. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: National Center for Atmospheric Research Contact_Person: Earth Observing Laboratory Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3450 Mitchell Lane City: Boulder State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80301 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-497-8154 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: codiac@ucar.edu Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: stott@ucar.edu Distribution_Liability: PacMARS team members should be contacted before use of their data sets. PacMARS investigators and others are responsible for providing appropriate recognition to data providers in publications. This can include article co-authorship and/or reference to data publications. Citations, and DOIs when available, will be provided for datasets within the EOL data archive. Custom_Order_Process: Data can be obtained from EOL, http://www.eol.ucar.edu/. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20130529 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: The University of Texas at Austin Contact_Person: Tim Whiteaker Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 10100 Burnet Rd., Bldg. 119 City: Austin State_or_Province: TX Postal_Code: 78758 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 512-471-0570 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: twhit@mail.utexas.edu Contact_Position: Research Associate Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time